Drones and Advanced Technology Help Monitor Threatened Mangrove Ecosystems
Vishal Jaiswal, a 27-year-old drone expert, is at the forefront of efforts to map and protect mangrove forests, particularly in the Sundarbans – the world’s largest mangrove ecosystem spanning over 4,000 square miles across coastal India and Bangladesh.
A recent global assessment by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) reveals that more than half of all mangrove ecosystems are at risk of collapse by 2050. These critical environments face multiple threats, including deforestation, development, pollution, dam construction, sea-level rise, and increased frequency of severe storms associated with climate change.
In India, the situation varies. Mangroves in South India, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives are considered “critically endangered,” while other regions like the Sundarbans are not yet on the endangered list. However, scientists like Dr. Sahadev Sharma have observed concerning signs of environmental stress, including loss of dense mangrove cover and fragmentation due to human activities like shrimp farming.
Studying these ecosystems is challenging due to difficult terrain, potential wildlife dangers like saltwater crocodiles and Bengal tigers, and complex logistical requirements. Consequently, scientists are increasingly turning to technological solutions like drone mapping and advanced measurement techniques.
One key research method involves installing rod surface elevation tables (rSETs) to monitor mangrove height in relation to sea level. The new technology uses Lidar scanners with lasers to take hundreds of thousands of precise measurements, a significant improvement over previous manual methods. While more expensive, this approach minimizes human error and provides more accurate data.
Current research sites include the Andaman Islands, Sundarbans, Coringa, and plans for expansion to Bhitarkanika National Park in Orissa. The research is still in early stages, with scientists awaiting optimal conditions to collect comprehensive data.
The importance of mangrove preservation is particularly evident to local communities who depend on these ecosystems. Laxman Anna, a fisherman from Andhra Pradesh, experienced firsthand how mangrove destruction impacts livelihoods. Previously struggling to earn enough to support his family, he has seen significant improvements through community-led conservation efforts.
Local communities are now actively participating in mangrove restoration, working with NGOs and forest departments to plant and nurture mangrove saplings. These collaborative efforts are showing promising results, with improved fish populations and ecosystem health.
The ongoing research and conservation efforts highlight the critical role of technology and community engagement in protecting these vital ecological systems. By combining advanced monitoring techniques with local knowledge and commitment, there is hope for preserving mangrove forests and the diverse life they support.
